Lawyer, PhD · Maastricht University & Hargeisa, Somaliland

Guleid Ahmed Jama

I am a lawyer with Xaqdoon Law Firm, a researcher, and a human rights defender based in Somaliland. My research focuses on international law, children's rights, and human rights — with particular attention to the legal challenges facing states that are not fully recognised by the international community.

Current Role Project Manager, Child-War Project
Affiliation Dept. of International Law, Maastricht University
Based In Hargeisa, Somaliland
Guleid Ahmed Jama
§ 01

About

I am a licensed lawyer, researcher, and human rights advocate affiliated with Maastricht University in the Netherlands, where I hold a PhD in International Law. My academic work focuses on international law, children's rights, and the legal and political challenges facing unrecognised and conflict-affected territories — in particular, the rights of children in de facto states and areas affected by armed conflict.

For more than a decade, I have worked as a practising advocate and public interest lawyer in Somaliland, focusing on constitutional law, human rights, access to justice, and democratic governance. I am the Managing Director of Xaqdoon Law Firm, a regional law firm based in Hargeisa. I am also the founder and former director of Human Rights Centre Somaliland, and have served on the Advisory Board of the Knowledge Platform for Security and Rule of Law in The Hague (2019–2020). I currently serve on the boards of the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA), Human Rights Centre Somaliland, and the Children's Legal Defense Center.

My legal and advocacy work has included defending freedom of expression, documenting human rights violations, and promoting judicial reform in Somaliland. International human rights organisations — including Front Line Defenders and the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE) — have documented cases relating to reprisals against me for this work.

I am a 2017 Mandela Washington Fellow (Rutgers University) and a 2019 Makwanyane Fellow (Cornell Law School). I am widely recognised for my public commentary and scholarly writing on Somaliland's constitutional order, democratisation, elections, and the international legal status of de facto states.

  • Children's Rights in De Facto States
    Treaty continuity, CRC applicability, and protection gaps in unrecognised territories during and after armed conflict.
  • International Humanitarian Law
    Common Article 3, customary IHL, and accountability deficits affecting non-recognised entities.
  • Constitutional Law & Governance
    Somaliland's constitutional order, democratisation, judicial reform, and anti-corruption advocacy.
  • Human Rights Advocacy
    Freedom of expression, access to justice, and rule of law in conflict-affected and post-conflict settings.
§ 02

Publications

2023

Speaking of Epistemic Injustice: A Reply

Journal of Human Rights Practice, with M. Hopman, O. Zvonareva & A. Hoļavins
Full text
2020

Death Penalty in the Somali Penal Code

Technical report
Full text
2019

Somaliland: Is clan-based politics inevitable?

Presentation, Center for Policy Analysis, Hargeisa
Full text
2018

Somaliland: A Male Democracy

Presentation, with M. Abdilahi · Center for Policy Analysis, Hargeisa
Full text
§ 03

In the Media

I am a regular contributor and commentator to BBC Somali Service and televisions in Somaliland, with dozens of appearances on issues of governance, human rights, constitutional law, elections, and Somaliland's international status. A selection of documented appearances in international media is listed below.

2021

Somaliland, the Country That Does Not Exist

ARTE Documentary · English · 2021
Documentary
2021

Somaliland: l'exception africaine

ARTE Reportage · French · 2021
Documentary
2024

Child Rights in Somaliland

Justice Studio Sessions · Podcast · Episode 4
Podcast
2024

Protecting Children's Rights in Non-Existent States

Maastricht University News · 2024
Feature
2024

PhD Defence of Guleid Ahmed Jama

Maastricht University · Faculty of Law · 2024
Video
2025

Somaliland's Moment?

International Crisis Group · "The Horn" Podcast · June 2025
Podcast
2025

Israel's Recognition Is Drawing Somaliland Into Regional Tensions

New Lines Magazine · On democracy, rule of law & Somaliland's international standing · 2025
Interview
2024

Interview on the Recognition of Somaliland

BBC Focus on Africa · 2024
TV/Radio
2024

Wahl in Somaliland

Tagesschau (ARD) · Germany's main public broadcaster · 2024
Interview
2024

Qadiyada Soomaaliland — BBC News Somali Interview

BBC News Somali · 2024
TV/Radio
2024

Feature in Observant — Maastricht University Magazine

Observant · Maastricht University · 2024
Feature
2024

The World's Next Country?

The Economist · On Somaliland's quest for recognition · November 2024
Interview
2024

Somaliland Election and its Impact on Horn of Africa Tensions

VOA Africa · Straight Talk Africa · November 2024
TV/Radio
2024

Political Tension in the Horn of Africa & Somaliland's Outgoing President

Voice of America · Analysis of regional tensions and President Muse Bihi's legacy · 2024
TV/Radio
2024

After Electing New Leader, Somaliland Resumes Quest for Recognition

Barron's (AFP) · On Somaliland's recognition strategy under new president · November 2024
Interview
2024

After Electing New Leader, Somaliland Resumes Quest for Recognition

AFP (via Hiiraan Online) · On Somaliland's recognition strategy under new president · November 2024
Interview
2024

Somaliland Votes Amid Horn of Africa Tensions

AFP (via Standard Media) · On election dynamics, economy & stability · November 2024
Interview
2024

Opposition Leader Wins Somaliland Presidential Contest

Voice of America · Commentary on election results & national unity · November 2024
Interview
2024

Western Diplomats Urge Somaliland Leaders to Accept Election Results

Voice of America · Analysis of election issues: economy, recognition, governance · November 2024
Interview
2024

Opposition Leader Wins Somaliland Presidential Contest

AllAfrica · On Somaliland's democracy & the path ahead for the new president · November 2024
Interview
2024

"Many children are rendered stateless by the law"

Geeska · Interview on children's rights in unrecognised states · June 2024
Interview
2024

Barn. Martida: Guuleed Axmed Jaamac (Dafac)

VOA Somali · 2024
Interview
2022

Xariga Suxufiyiinta Somaliland oo Kordhay

VOA Somali · On the growing detention of journalists in Somaliland · 2022
Interview
2021

Saxafiyiin lagu Maxkamadaynayo Somaliland

VOA Somali · On the prosecution of journalists in Somaliland · 2021
Interview
2017

Maxay Salka Ku Haysaa Xiisadda Somaliland?

VOA Somali · On the roots of political tension in Somaliland · 2017
Interview
2016

Wicitaanka: Guuleed Axmed Dafac

VOA Somali · Interview · 2016
Interview
2022

Somali President Urges Stability in Somaliland Amid Deadly Election Disputes

Voice of America · On election disputes, civil rights & political dialogue · 2022
Interview
2022

Somaliland Supreme Court's Unprecedented Decision on Bill/Law 14

Somali Dispatch · Legal commentary · January 2022
Commentary
2019

Somaliland Is on a Rocky Political Path

Deutsche Welle (DW) · On Somaliland's political challenges · 2019
Interview
2018

The Missing Link: Improving Access to Justice in Somaliland

Saferworld · Co-authored with Jordan Street · November 2018
Article
2017

Somaliland Vote: Young People Decry Clan Politics

Al Jazeera English · On youth political participation & clan politics · November 2017
Interview
2015–

Interviews on Somaliland governance, human rights & rule of law

BBC Somali Service · Multiple appearances on judicial reform, freedom of expression, and children's rights
Radio
2016

Testimony on Human Rights Defenders in Somaliland

Front Line Defenders · 2016
Testimony
2015

Somaliland: Activist Who Questioned Executions Detained

Human Rights Watch · April 2015
Coverage
2015

Guleid Ahmed Jama — Lawyer & Human Rights Defender from Somaliland

Shelter City · Profile feature · Maastricht Human Rights Week · 2015
Feature
2015

Case History: Guleid Ahmed Jama

Front Line Defenders · Case documentation · 2015–2016
Coverage
§ 04

Projects

2025–

Child-War Project

Project Manager · Maastricht University, Faculty of Law

A multi-country research project studying the rights of children living in de facto states during and directly after armed conflict. Case studies cover Gaza, Las Anod (Somaliland), and Nagorno-Karabakh. The project combines legal analysis with field research, applying the Children's Rights Normative Culture (CRNC) framework to document how children's rights are understood and practised in territories outside formal international recognition.

Active
Forthcoming

Child-Peace Project

Maastricht University, Faculty of Law · Fundraising phase

A follow-on initiative to the Child-War Project, examining child participation in peacebuilding within unrecognised and conflict-affected territories. Working title: Stateless Voices: Children's Participation Rights and Peacebuilding in De Facto States. The project focuses on Somaliland, Gaza, and Nagorno-Karabakh, and explores how children's voices can be meaningfully included in peace processes in territories the international system struggles to categorise.

Fundraising
§ 05

Activities

Conference presentations, training events, consultancies, and public talks — registered on my Maastricht University research profile.

2026

Pick Our Brains Session with Dr. Guleid Ahmed Jama

Speaker · Maastricht Centre for Human Rights · Pick Our Brains Series · 1 June 2026
Talk
2025

Training: Doing Research Together with Children — CHILD-WAR Project

Organiser · with M. Hopman, M. Muradyan & A. Abu Eqtaish · 10–16 April 2025
Training
2025

Human Rights and Non-Existent States

Speaker · with M. Hopman, A. Abu Eqtaish & M. Muradyan · Conference · 17 April 2025
Conference
2025

Webinar: Introduction to the CHILD-WAR Project

Organiser · with M. Hopman, M. Muradyan & A. Abu Eqtaish · 22 April 2025
Webinar
2024

Inclusive Institutions: Bringing Social Norms and Governance Structures Together

Speaker · with M. Hopman · Conference · 25 April 2024
Conference
2024

Consultation and Presentation of Report: Born in a Non-Existent Place?

Consultant / Advisor · with M. Hopman · 13 May 2024
Consultancy
2023

Human Rights of Children Living in Unrecognised States

Speaker · with M. Hopman · SOAS University of London · 2023
Presentation
2023

Human Rights of Children Living in Unrecognised States

Speaker · with M. Hopman · 14 March 2023
Talk
§ 06

Blogs

Ka qayb qaado in ay cod yeeshaan carruurta ku nool goobaha colaaduhu ka jiraan

A Somali-language piece on child participation in peacebuilding within conflict-affected areas, co-authored with Dr Marieke Hopman. Published on the Child-Peace project launch.

Protecting Children in Somaliland: Insights from Hargeisa & Burao Workshops

Field insights from workshops held across Somaliland on children's rights protections in an unrecognised state that has not ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Do Our Children Have Rights? Children's Rights in the Unrecognised State of Somaliland

Written on the occasion of defending my PhD dissertation at Maastricht University — a public-facing account of the research and its stakes for children living in Somaliland.

The significance of Somaliland's new Child Rights Protection Act

An analysis of the Child Rights Protection Act signed by Somaliland's President in October 2022, and what it means for children's rights in an unrecognised state.

Muhiimadda Xeerka Ilaalinta Xuquuqda Caruurta ee Somaliland

Somali-language version of the analysis of Somaliland's Child Rights Protection Act — making the legal commentary accessible to Somali-speaking audiences.